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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Nauru (2005)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Nauru (2005)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)Nauru (2005)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsNauru
Administrative divisions - 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure - 0-14 years: 37.5% (male 2,511/female 2,379)


15-64 years: 60.6% (male 3,895/female 4,012)


65 years and over: 1.9% (male 132/female 119) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products - coconuts
Airports - 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total:
5 sq km

land:
5 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 21 sq km


land: 21 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations. Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic.
Birth rate - 25.14 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget - revenues: $23.4 million


expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY95/96)
Capital - no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate tropical tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline 74.1 km 30 km
Constitution - 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

conventional short form:
Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Republic of Nauru


conventional short form: Nauru


former: Pleasant Island
Death rate - 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external - $33.3 million (2002)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074


consulate(s): Agana (Guam)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient - $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview no economic activity Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are now depleted. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. In 2004 the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat has substantially mounted. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption - 27.9 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production - 30 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues NA limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates - Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 26 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 26 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 23 October 2004 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: Ludwig SCOTTY was unopposed in the parliamentary elections for president
Exports - NA
Exports - commodities - phosphates
Exports - partners - South Africa 43.4%, Germany 20.7%, India 11.8%, Japan 7.2%, Poland 4% (2004)
Fiscal year - 1 July - 30 June
Flag description the flag of Australia is used blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Highways - total: 30 km


paved: 24 km


unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs - offshore banking recently stopped, remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime
Imports - NA
Imports - commodities - food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners - Australia 65.6%, Indonesia 5.4%, Germany 5.3%, UK 4.4% (2004)
Independence - 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate - NA
Industries - phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Infant mortality rate - total: 9.95 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 12.51 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - -3.6% (1993)
International organization participation - ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1993) NA
Judicial branch - Supreme Court
Labor force - by occupation - employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (all grass and sand)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages - Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held not later than May 2006)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - Nauru First Party 3, independents 15
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 62.73 years


male: 59.16 years


female: 66.48 years (2005 est.)
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
12 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM		 territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches - no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA
National holiday - Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality - noun: Nauruan(s)


adjective: Nauruan
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards periodic droughts
Natural resources fish phosphates, fish
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders - loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [leader NA]; Naoero Amo (Nauru First) Party [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)		 13,048 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA
Population growth rate - 1.83% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Nauru
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions - Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage - 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system - general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities


domestic: NA


international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 1,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 1,500 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate - 3.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate - 90% (2004 est.)
Waterways none -
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